![]() From this, we can detemine how these spheres will look from the position of the top eye and the bottom eye. NOTE: In translucent objects, this is what commonly results in subsurface scattering.īy tracing a few rays (bright yellow), we can see there are regions of the sphere that will reflect light (green), bounce light around (teal), regions that wont have much light interaction (orange), and a region that llight will be relatively unaffected as it passes through (yellow). Since the surface can curve from perpendicular to parrallel to perpendicular in direction to the original light source, some light rays can enter one part of the surface, bounce around inside, and then exit another part of the same surface! Additionally, given two mirrored surfaces, as we often find in containers and layers that wrap around other objects (skin for instance!), the same effect of continuously reflected light can occur with an interesting difference. This causes effects like magnification and distortion. Round objects, which we see the most in nature, are a little more complicated: because the angles of surfaces are constantly changing, light coming from the same source can be refracted and reflected in vastly different directions. In objects with two parallel surfaces that are close together, light can continuously bounce around inside until it reaches a perpendicular surface that allows it to refract out. It is important to take note of this: light can reflect inside objects as well. The red line indicates the angle that this will change. Below you can see the yellow light refracts and the blue light reflects. If light hits a surface below a certain angle, the light cannot enter and bounces off at the same angle (this is called reflection). When light hits the surface above a certain angle, it will continue inside the object at a different angle (this is called refraction). In objects with any kind of transparency, put simply, light changes direction at the surfaces by either bouncing off or entering the object. There are many tutorials that cover this subject much better than I could anyways! NOTE: Since we aren't as concerned about surface reflections and refraction of images in this tutorial, we won't be covering how to reflect/refract secondary light sources. Once you can estimate how light will travel within the object, there are some simple rules you can follow to illustrate them. Their forms, textures, and the position of light sources all affect the overall appearance because they affect how light interacts with them. ![]() The key to understanding translucent objects is to study their surfaces. Below is a rough illustration of the molecular structure of a transparent solid, one with impurities, and one with structural defects: This causes light to interact more with the particles inside objects. Relatively few substances are actually like this however-in the real world, most are impure and have structures full of defects. It is important to note that these are still capable of changing the color of the light that enters (think about yellow oil or blue water), but this is due to the molecules themselves, not their structure. ![]() The left leaf (total transparency) is only possible in objects that have specific molecular structures such as crystals or liquids and are very pure so that nothing inside interferes. ![]() These semi-transparent materials are called translucent, and they can affect the images that pass through them, often making them fuzzy or extremely discolored. Finally, even this glow is blocked out and the material is completely opaque. On the third leaf, you can no longer make out the shape at all and there is just a bright red glow. As you go right, the shape becomes less clear and the color is changed to a more saturated red. The left side is transparent, you can see the outline of the shape clearly and there is very little color change. ![]()
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